Data Communications and Networking Project Pdf report

Data Communications and Networking Project

1.1 History Of Operating System

Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage The General Motors Research Lab implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for their IBM 701In the mid-1960s, operating systems started to use disks In the late 1960s, the first version of the Unix OS was developed The first OS built by Microsoft was DOS. It was built in 1981 by purchasing the 86-DOS software from a Seattle company.

In the 1940s, the earliest electronic digital system had no operating system electronic system of this time where programed on rowed of mechanical switches or jumper wires on plug boards. Thus where special_propose system that, for example, generated ballistics table for the military or controlled the printing of payroll checks from data on punched paper cards.

After programmable general purpose computers where invented machine language (consisting of string of the binary digit 0 and 1 on puched paper tape ) where introduced that sped up the progeming process (Stern,1981)

1.2 Types operating system

Single tasking and multitasking

A single tasking system can only run one program at a time,while multitasking operating system allows more than one program to be running in concurrenency. This is achieved by time shareing , where the available processor time is divided between multiple processor. Unix –like operating system , such as solaries and Linux as well as non-linux like such as AmigaOS support primitive multitasking.

Single and multi-user

single user operating system have no facilities to distinguish users . but may allow multiple programs to run in tandem. A multi user operating system extends the basic concept of multi tasking with facilities that identify process and resourceses such as disk space,belonging to multiple users ,and the system permits multiple user to interact with the system at the same time. Time –sharing operating system schedule task for efficient use of the the system.

Simple Batch Systems

In this type of system, there is no direct interaction between user and the computer.
The user has to submit a job (written on cards or tape) to a computer operator.
Then computer operator places a batch of several jobs on an input device.
Jobs are batched together by type of languages and requirement

Multiprogramming Batch Systems

In this the operating system picks up and begins to execute one of the jobs from memory.
Once this job needs an I/O operation operating system switches to another job (CPU and OS always busy).
Jobs in the memory are always less than the number of jobs on disk(Job Pool).
If several jobs are ready to run at the same time, then the system chooses which one to run through the process of CPU Scheduling.
In Non-multiprogrammed system, there are moments when CPU sits idle and does not do any work.

Multiprocessor Systems

A Multiprocessor system consists of several processors that share a common physical memory. Multiprocessor system provides higher computing power and speed. In multiprocessor system all processors operate under single operating system. Multiplicity of the processors and how they do act together are transparent to the others

Desktop Systems

Earlier, CPUs and PCs lacked the features needed to protect an operating system from user programs. PC operating systems therefore were neither multiuser nor multitasking. However, the goals of these operating systems have changed with time; instead of maximizing CPU and peripheral utilization, the systems opt for maximizing user convenience and responsiveness. These systems are called Desktop Systems and include PCs running Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh. Operating systems for these computers have benefited in several ways from the development of operating systems for mainframes.

Distributed Operating System

The motivation behind developing distributed operating systems is the availability of powerful and inexpensive microprocessors and advances in communication technology.

These advancements in technology have made it possible to design and develop distributed systems comprising of many computers that are inter connected by communication networks. The main benefit of distributed systems is its low price/performance ratio.

Advantages Distributed Operating System

As there are multiple systems involved, user at one site can utilize the resources of systems at other sites for resource-intensive tasks.
Fast processing.
Less load on the Host Machine.

Embedded

An embedded operating system is simply an operating system designed for embedded systems. The main characteristics of the embedded operating system are resource efficiency and reliability. The existence of embedded operating system comes into existence because we have a very limited amount of hardware like RAM, ROM, timer-counters and other on-chip peripherals.

So, in this case, we need some operating system that can manage all the hardware resource by leaving some unimportant features. Embedded systems generally have Real Time Operating System(RTOS) to perform the task in a given time frame.

1.3 What is operating system

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.

Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.

1.4 what is windows 10

Windows 10 is a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft as part of its Windows NT family of operating systems. It is the successor to Windows 8.1, and was released to manufacturing on July 15, 2015, and broadly released for retail sale on July 29, 2015. Windows 10 receives new builds on an ongoing basis, which are available at no additional cost to users, in addition to additional test builds of Windows 10 which are available to Windows Insiders. Devices in enterprise environments can receive these updates at a slower pace, or use long-term support milestones that only receive critical updates, such as security patches, over their ten-year lifespan of extended support.

1.5 Feature of windows 10

1) simplify the things you want to do check out all the new features.

2) Create fun videos and memorable slideshows with Microsoft Photos. It comes with a robust set of editing tools, search, and convenient ways to share with friends and family.

3) Get longer battery life and the ability to stream in 4K with Microsoft Edge. Plus, it also stays in sync across your devices

4) Scroll up and down, zoom in and out, draw a picture, write out some notes—no more being bound to a keyboard and mouse (unless you want to be).

2.0 Problem statement

1) Remove external hardware

2) Update windows

3) Uninstall non essential software

4) Free up disk space

5) Run the windows

7) Uninstall non-Microsoft antivirus software.

3.0 Aim of the Micro-project

1) To study O.S. installation process

2) We will learn to how to windows 10 O.S.

3) We will learn to feature of windows 10.

4) We learn to types of operating system

5) We will learn about operating system

4.0 Course Outcomes Integrated

a) Analyze the functioning of data communication and computer network

b) Configure various networking devices.

4.1 Actual procedure followed

4.2 steps of installing windows 10

Step1: Upgrade to windows 10

Step2: Download the windows 10 media creation tools

Step3: Run the windows 10 media creation tool

Step4: Choose your windows 10 version

Step5: Choose a storage device and start the download

Step 6: Begin the windows 10 installation

Step 7: Perform a custom install

Step 8: Choose where to install

Step 9: Complete the setup

Step 10: Confirm that windows 10 has activated

5.0 Actual Resources Required

Sr. No.	Name of Resources	Specification	Quantity
1.	Computer Lab	Computer i5 8^th generation 8GB RAM	1
2.	Computer network and Internet Connection	-	1
3.	Reference and Syallabus books	The complete reference linux	1
4.	Internet multimedia	-	As per requirement